Iranian Space Agency (ISA)

The Iranian Space Agency (ISA; Persian: سازمان فضایی ایران) is Iran's civilian space agency, established in 2004 and supervised by the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology. ISA manages Iran's civilian satellite programs, Earth observation data, and international space cooperation. Iran has an active space program with domestic launch vehicles and satellite capabilities: the Safir and Simorgh rockets have placed multiple satellites in orbit, including the Sina-1, Omid, Rasad, Navid, and Fajr satellites. Iran's IRGC Aerospace Force separately operates military space assets including reconnaissance satellites. Iran's space program has faced international scrutiny due to the dual-use potential of satellite launch technologies, but the country continues to develop and operate civilian and dual-use satellites for Earth observation, communications, and remote sensing.